Django利用elasticsearch(搜索引擎)实现搜索功能

脚本专栏 2024/12/23 佚名

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1、在Django配置搜索结果页的路由映射

"""pachong URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
 https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
 1. Add an import: from my_app import views
 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^/pre>, views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
 1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home
 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^/pre>, Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
 1. Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include
 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app1 import views

urlpatterns = [
 url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
 url(r'^/pre>, views.indexluoji),
 url(r'^index/', views.indexluoji),
 url(r'^suggest//pre>, views.suggestluoji,name="suggest"),  # 搜索字段补全请求
 url(r'^search//pre>, views.searchluoji,name="search"),  # 搜索

]

2、编写逻辑处理函数

在逻辑处理函数里实现搜索数据

（1）获取到用户的搜索词

（2）利用原生的elasticsearch(搜索引擎)接口，实现搜索，注明：elasticsearch-dsl就是在原生的elasticsearch上做了封装

　　Elasticsearch()方法，连接原生的elasticsearch服务器

　　search()方法，原生elasticsearch查询方法，支持原生的elasticsearch查询语句，返回的原生语句结果也就是字典形式的数据

　　在查询语句里进行关键词高亮处理

　　将查询到的结果，循环获取到后返回到html页面

from django.shortcuts import render

# Create your views here.
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from django.views.generic.base import View
from app1.models import lagouType    # 导入操作elasticsearch(搜索引擎)类
import json
from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch   # 导入原生的elasticsearch(搜索引擎)接口
client = Elasticsearch(hosts=["127.0.0.1"])  # 连接原生的elasticsearch

def indexluoji(request):
 print(request.method) # 获取用户请求的路径
 return render(request, 'index.html')

def suggestluoji(request):          # 搜索自动补全逻辑处理
 key_words = request.GET.get('s', '')      # 获取到请求词
 re_datas = []
 if key_words:
  s = lagouType.search()         # 实例化elasticsearch(搜索引擎)类的search查询
  s = s.suggest('my_suggest', key_words, completion={
   "field": "suggest", "fuzzy": {
    "fuzziness": 1
   },
   "size": 5
  })
  suggestions = s.execute_suggest()
  for match in suggestions.my_suggest[0].options:
   source = match._source
   re_datas.append(source["title"])
 return HttpResponse(json.dumps(re_datas), content_type="application/json")

def searchluoji(request):          # 搜索逻辑处理
 key_words = request.GET.get('q', '')      # 获取到请求词
 response = client.search(         # 原生的elasticsearch接口的search()方法，就是搜索，可以支持原生elasticsearch语句查询
  index="lagou",           # 设置索引名称
  doc_type="biao",          # 设置表名称
  body={             # 书写elasticsearch语句
   "query": {
    "multi_match": {        # multi_match查询
     "query": key_words,       # 查询关键词
     "fields": ["title", "description"]   # 查询字段
    }
   },
   "from": 0,           # 从第几条开始获取
   "size": 10,           # 获取多少条数据
   "highlight": {          # 查询关键词高亮处理
    "pre_tags": ['<span class="keyWord">'],   # 高亮开始标签
    "post_tags": ['</span>'],      # 高亮结束标签
    "fields": {          # 高亮设置
     "title": {},        # 高亮字段
     "description": {}       # 高亮字段
    }
   }
  }
 )
 total_nums = response["hits"]["total"]      # 获取查询结果的总条数
 hit_list = []            # 设置一个列表来储存搜索到的信息，返回给html页面
 for hit in response["hits"]["hits"]:      # 循环查询到的结果
  hit_dict = {}           # 设置一个字典来储存循环结果
  if "title" in hit["highlight"]:       # 判断title字段，如果高亮字段有类容
   hit_dict["title"] = "".join(hit["highlight"]["title"])  # 获取高亮里的title
  else:
   hit_dict["title"] = hit["_source"]["title"]     # 否则获取不是高亮里的title

  if "description" in hit["highlight"]:       # 判断description字段，如果高亮字段有类容
   hit_dict["description"] = "".join(hit["highlight"]["description"])[:500] # 获取高亮里的description
  else:
   hit_dict["description"] = hit["_source"]["description"]  # 否则获取不是高亮里的description

  hit_dict["url"] = hit["_source"]["url"]       # 获取返回url

  hit_list.append(hit_dict)          # 将获取到内容的字典，添加到列表
 return render(request, 'result.html', {"all_hits": hit_list, "key_words": key_words})  #显示页面和将列表和搜索词返回到html

3、html页面接收搜索结果

注意：因为Django实现了防止恶意代码写入，凡是通过变量传输到html页面的html类型代码，将会被自动转换成字符串方式显示，索引我们需要在接收变量的字段用：{% autoescape off %} {{ 接收变量 }} {% endautoescape %}，来显示html代码，

搜索后因为进行了一次跳转，所以搜索框里的搜索词将不存在，我们需要在传递搜索结果到页面的时候，将搜索词也传递进来填充到搜索框

<!DOCTYPE html >
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
{#引入静态文件路径#}
{% load staticfiles %}
<head>
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=emulateIE7" />
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>python-lcv-search搜索引擎</title>
<link href="{% static 'css/style.css'%}" rel="external nofollow" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
<link href="{% static 'css/result.css'%}" rel="external nofollow" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
</head>
<body>
<div id="container">
 <div id="hd" class="ue-clear">
  <a href="/" rel="external nofollow" ><div class="logo"></div></a>
  <div class="inputArea">
   <input type="text" class="searchInput" value="{{ key_words }}"/>
   <input type="button" class="searchButton" onclick="add_search()"/>
  </div>
 </div>
 <div class="nav">
  <ul class="searchList">
   <li class="searchItem current" data-type="article">文章</li>
   <li class="searchItem" data-type="question">问答</li>
   <li class="searchItem" data-type="job">职位</li>
  </ul>
 </div>
 <div id="bd" class="ue-clear">
  <div id="main">
   <div class="sideBar">

    <div class="subfield">网站</div>
    <ul class="subfieldContext">
     <li>
      <span class="name">伯乐在线</span>
      <span class="unit">(None)</span>
     </li>
     <li>
      <span class="name">知乎</span>
      <span class="unit">(9862)</span>
     </li>
     <li>
      <span class="name">拉勾网</span>
      <span class="unit">(9862)</span>
     </li>
     <li class="more">
      <a href="javascript:;" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >
       <span class="text">更多</span>
       <i class="moreIcon"></i>
      </a>
     </li>
    </ul>

    <div class="sideBarShowHide">
     <a href="javascript:;" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" class="icon"></a>
    </div>
   </div>
   <div class="resultArea">
    <p class="resultTotal">
     <span class="info">找到约&nbsp;<span class="totalResult">45</span>&nbsp;条结果(用时<span class="time">0.643128</span>秒)，共约<span class="totalPage">5</span>页</span>
    </p>
    <div class="resultList">
     {% for hit in all_hits %}
     <div class="resultItem">
       <div class="itemHead">
        <a href="{% autoescape off %} {{ hit.url }} {% endautoescape %}" rel="external nofollow" target="_blank" class="title">{% autoescape off %} {{ hit.title }} {% endautoescape %}</a>
        <span class="divsion">-</span>
        <span class="fileType">
         <span class="label">来源：</span>
         <span class="value">网络</span>
        </span>
        <span class="dependValue">
         <span class="label">得分：</span>
         <span class="value">3.401155</span>
        </span>
       </div>
       <div class="itemBody">
        {% autoescape off %} {{ hit.description }} {% endautoescape %}
       </div>
      </div>
     {% endfor %}
    </div>
    <!-- 分页 -->
    <div class="pagination ue-clear"></div>
    <!-- 相关搜索 -->

   </div>
   <div class="historyArea">
    <div class="hotSearch">
     <h6>热门搜索</h6>
     <ul class="historyList">

       <li><a href="/search" rel="external nofollow" >linux</a></li>

     </ul>
    </div>
    <div class="mySearch">
     <h6>我的搜索</h6>
     <ul class="historyList">

     </ul>
    </div>
   </div>
  </div><!-- End of main -->
 </div><!--End of bd-->
</div>

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