import io
# Writing to a buffer
output = io.StringIO()
output.write('This goes into the buffer. ')
print('And so does this.', file=output)
# Retrieve the value written
print(output.getvalue())
output.close() # discard buffer memory
 
# Initialize a read buffer
input = io.StringIO('Inital value for read buffer')
# Read from the buffer
print(input.read())

import io
# Writing to a buffer
output = io.BytesIO()
output.write('This goes into the buffer. '.encode('utf-8'))
output.write('ÁÇÊ'.encode('utf-8'))
# Retrieve the value written
print(output.getvalue())
output.close() # discard buffer memory
 
# Initialize a read buffer
input = io.BytesIO(b'Inital value for read buffer')
# Read from the buffer
print(input.read())

import io
# Writing to a buffer
output = io.BytesIO()
wrapper = io.TextIOWrapper(
  output,
  encoding='utf-8',
  write_through=True,
)
wrapper.write('This goes into the buffer. ')
wrapper.write('ÁÇÊ')
# Retrieve the value written
print(output.getvalue())
output.close() # discard buffer memory
 
# Initialize a read buffer
input = io.BytesIO(
  b'Inital value for read buffer with unicode characters ' +
  'ÁÇÊ'.encode('utf-8')
)
wrapper = io.TextIOWrapper(input, encoding='utf-8')
# Read from the buffer
print(wrapper.read())