Django 自定义权限管理系统详解(通过中间件认证)

脚本专栏 2024/12/29 佚名

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1. 创建工程文件，修改setting.py文件

django-admin.py startproject project_name

特别是在 windows 上，如果报错，尝试用 django-admin 代替 django-admin.py 试试

setting.py 最终的配置文件

import os
import sys
# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
sys.path.insert(0,os.path.join(BASE_DIR,"apps"))
 
# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/howto/deployment/checklist/
 
# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = '!g%gzw+-t8*+c2irzcm=r_#*x$q^(x-(^prn7wpnph3w#j$1gl'
 
# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True
ALLOWED_HOSTS = []
 
 
# Application definition
INSTALLED_APPS = [
  'django.contrib.admin',
  'django.contrib.auth',
  'django.contrib.contenttypes',
  'django.contrib.sessions',
  'django.contrib.messages',
  'django.contrib.staticfiles',
  'apps.system',
]
 
MIDDLEWARE = [
  'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
  'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
  'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
  # 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
  'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
  'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
  'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
   'libs.middleware.permission.permissionMiddleware'
]
 
ROOT_URLCONF = 'iFactory.urls'
 
TEMPLATES = [
  {
    'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
    'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')],
    'APP_DIRS': True,
    'OPTIONS': {
      'context_processors': [
        'django.template.context_processors.debug',
        'django.template.context_processors.request',
        'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
        'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
      ],
    },
  },
]
 
WSGI_APPLICATION = 'iFactory.wsgi.application'
 
 
# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/settings/#databases
DATABASES = {
  'default': {
     'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2',
     'NAME': "iFactory",
     'USER': "postgres",
     'PASSWORD': "postgres",
     'HOST': "127.0.0.1",
     'PORT': "5432",
     'CONN_MAX_AGE': 5,
  }
}
 
 
# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators
AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
  {
    'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
  },
  {
    'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
  },
  {
    'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
  },
  {
    'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
  },
]
 
 
# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/i18n/
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh_Hans'
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'
USE_I18N = True
USE_L10N = True
USE_TZ = True
 
 
# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/howto/static-files/
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS = ( os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static'), )
 
# Session setting
SESSION_COOKIE_AGE = 30 * 60
SESSION_ENGINE = 'django.contrib.sessions.backends.cache'
 
# session_permisson_key
SESSION_PERMISSION_URL_KEY = "perUrl"
SESSION_MENU_KEY = "menu"
MENU_ALL = "menuAll"
MENU_PERMISSON = "menuPer"
 
# permisson
LOGIN_URL = '/login/'
REGEX_URL = r'^{url}$' # url作严格匹配
SAFE_URL = [
  '/login/',
]

2. 根目录创建apps文件夹（python包文件夹），创建应用system，把应用放入到apps文件夹中

python manage.py startapp system，在setting中的INSTALLED_APPS中添加对应的app

最终的目录结构

3. 修改system/model.py 文件

#-*-coding:utf-8-*-
from django.db import models
 
# Create your models here.
class Menu(models.Model):
  '''
  菜单
  '''
  title = models.CharField(max_length=32, unique=True)
  parent = models.ForeignKey("Menu", null=True, blank=True)
 
  def __str__(self):
    # 显示层级菜单
    title_list = [self.title]
    p = self.parent
    while p:
      title_list.insert(0, p.title)
      p = p.parent
    return '-'.join(title_list)
 
class Permission(models.Model):
  '''
  权限
  '''
  title = models.CharField(max_length=32, unique=True)
  url = models.CharField(max_length=128, unique=True)
  menu = models.ForeignKey("Menu", null=True, blank=True)
  # 定义菜单间的自引用关系
  # 权限url 在 菜单下；菜单可以有父级菜单；还要支持用户创建菜单，因此需要定义parent字段（parent_id）
  # blank=True 意味着在后台管理中填写可以为空，根菜单没有父级菜单
 
  def __str__(self):
    # 显示带菜单前缀的权限
    return '{menu}---{permission}'.format(menu=self.menu, permission=self.title)
 
class Role(models.Model):
  '''
  角色：绑定权限
  '''
  title = models.CharField(max_length=32, unique=True)
  # 定义角色和权限的多对多关系
  permissions = models.ManyToManyField("Permission")
 
  def __str__(self):
    return self.title
class User(models.Model):
  '''
  用户 -- 角色划分
  '''
  username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
  password = models.CharField(max_length=32)
  phone = models.CharField(max_length=11)
  email = models.EmailField()
  is_admin = models.BooleanField(default=False)
  is_push_email = models.BooleanField(default=True)
  is_push_phone = models.BooleanField(default=True)
  # create_datetime = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
  # 定义用户和角色的多对多关系
  roles = models.ManyToManyField("Role")
 
  def __str__(self):
    return '{username}---{phone}'         ''.format(username=self.username, phone=self.phone)

4. 数据库迁移

执行 python manage.py makemigrations system

执行python manage.py migrate system

5. 建立userService.py文件（文件位置看上图目录），代码如下：

from ..models import Menu
 
def init_user_permission(request, user):
  '''
  查询出用户的所有权限，进行分类写入session进行保存
  :param request:
  :param user:
  :return:
  '''
  # 查询出用户的所有权限
  permisson_item_list = user.roles.values('permissons__title',
                      'permissons__url',
                      'permissons__menu_id'
                      ).distinct()
  permisson_url_list = []
  permisson_menu_list = []
  all_menu_list = list(Menu.objects.values("id", "title", "parent_id"))
  for permission_item in permisson_item_list:
    permisson_url_list.append(permission_item["permissons__url"])
    if permission_item["permissons__menu__id"]:
      temp = {
        "title": permission_item["permissons__title"],
        "url": permission_item["permissons__url"],
        "menu_id": permission_item["permissons__menu_id"]
      }
      permisson_menu_list.append(temp)
  # 写入session
  from django.conf import settings
  request.session[settings.SESSION_PERMISSION_URL_KEY] = permisson_url_list
  request.session[settings.SESSION_MENU_KEY] = {
    settings.MENU_ALL: all_menu_list,
    settings.MENU_PERMISSON: permisson_menu_list,
  }

6. 建立views_user.py 文件：

#-*-coding:utf-8-*-
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import JsonResponse, HttpResponse
from apps.system.services import userService
from apps.system.models import User
 
def user_login(request):
  '''
  用户登录
  :param request:
  :return:
  '''
  if request.method == "GET":
    return render(request, "login.html")
  else:
    res = {}
    username = request.POST.get("username")
    password = request.POST.get("password")
    user = User.objects.filter(username=username, password=password).first()
    if not user:
      res["status"]= "false"
    else:
      userService.init_user_permission(request, user)
    return JsonResponse(res)

注意：以上的setting.py 增加的配置：

MIDDLEWARE = [
  'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
  'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
  'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
  # 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
  'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
  'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
  'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
   'libs.middleware.permission.permissionMiddleware'
]

# Session setting
SESSION_COOKIE_AGE = 30 * 60
SESSION_ENGINE = 'django.contrib.sessions.backends.cache'
 
# session_permisson_key
SESSION_PERMISSION_URL_KEY = "perUrl"
SESSION_MENU_KEY = "menu"
MENU_ALL = "menuAll"
MENU_PERMISSON = "menuPer"
 
# permisson
LOGIN_URL = '/login/'
REGEX_URL = r'^{url}$' # url作严格匹配
SAFE_URL = [
  '/login/',
]

以上这篇Django 自定义权限管理系统详解(通过中间件认证)就是小编分享给大家的全部内容了，希望能给大家一个参考，也希望大家多多支持。

Django,权限管理,中间件认证

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