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Docker 网络模式

本文首先介绍了Docker自身的4种网络工作方式,

Docker作为目前最火的轻量级容器技术,有很多令人称道的功能,如Docker的镜像管理。然而,Docker同样有着很多不完善的地方,网络方面就是Docker比较薄弱的部分。因此,我们有必要深入了解Docker的网络知识,以满足更高的网络需求。

四种网络模式

我们在使用docker run创建Docker容器时,可以用--net选项指定容器的网络模式,Docker有以下4种网络模式:

· host模式,使用--net=host指定。

· container模式,使用--net=container:NAME_or_ID指定。

· none模式,使用--net=none指定。

· bridge模式,使用--net=bridge指定,默认设置。

1 host模式

众所周知,Docker使用了Linux的Namespaces技术来进行资源隔离,如PID Namespace隔离进程,Mount Namespace隔离文件系统,Network Namespace隔离网络等。一个Network Namespace提供了一份独立的网络环境,包括网卡、路由、Iptable规则等都与其他的Network Namespace隔离。一个Docker容器一般会分配一个独立的Network Namespace。但如果启动容器的时候使用host模式,那么这个容器将不会获得一个独立的Network Namespace,而是和宿主机共用一个Network Namespace。容器将不会虚拟出自己的网卡,配置自己的IP等,而是使用宿主机的IP和端口。

例如,我们在10.10.101.105/24的机器上用host模式启动一个含有web应用的Docker容器,监听tcp80端口。当我们在容器中执行任何类似ifconfig命令查看网络环境时,看到的都是宿主机上的信息。而外界访问容器中的应用,则直接使用10.10.101.105:80即可,不用任何NAT转换,就如直接跑在宿主机中一样。但是,容器的其他方面,如文件系统、进程列表等还是和宿主机隔离的。

 2 container模式

在理解了host模式后,这个模式也就好理解了。这个模式指定新创建的容器和已经存在的一个容器共享一个Network Namespace,而不是和宿主机共享。新创建的容器不会创建自己的网卡,配置自己的IP,而是和一个指定的容器共享IP、端口范围等。同样,两个容器除了网络方面,其他的如文件系统、进程列表等还是隔离的。两个容器的进程可以通过lo网卡设备通信。

 3 none模式

这个模式和前两个不同。在这种模式下,Docker容器拥有自己的Network Namespace,但是,并不为Docker容器进行任何网络配置。也就是说,这个Docker容器没有网卡、IP、路由等信息。需要我们自己为Docker容器添加网卡、配置IP等。

 4 bridge模式

bridge模式是Docker默认的网络设置,此模式会为每一个容器分配Network Namespace、设置IP等,并将一个主机上的Docker容器连接到一个虚拟网桥上。下面着重介绍一下此模式。
host模式

使用Docker run时使用–net=host指定
Docker使用的网络实际上和宿主机一样,在容器内看到的网卡ip是宿主机上的ip。

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --rm --net=host centos_with_net bash

–rm,退出镜像时同时删除该镜像

[root@localhost /]# ifconfig
docker0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
    inet 172.17.42.1 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 0.0.0.0
    inet6 fe80::8cfc:c7ff:fe49:f1ae prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
    ether 4e:90:a4:b6:91:91 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
    RX packets 58 bytes 3820 (3.7 KiB)
    RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
    TX packets 6 bytes 468 (468.0 B)
    TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
    inet 192.168.1.179 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fedb:b228 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
    ether 00:0c:29:db:b2:28 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
    RX packets 10562 bytes 868003 (847.6 KiB)
    RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
    TX packets 2985 bytes 390673 (381.5 KiB)
    TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
    inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
    inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
    loop txqueuelen 0 (Local Loopback)
    RX packets 16 bytes 960 (960.0 B)
    RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
    TX packets 16 bytes 960 (960.0 B)
    TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

veth5446780: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
    inet6 fe80::c0f4:f5ff:fe71:f3bd prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
    ether c2:f4:f5:71:f3:bd txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
    RX packets 7 bytes 558 (558.0 B)
    RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
    TX packets 49 bytes 3894 (3.8 KiB)
    TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

veth111b1ca: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
    inet6 fe80::4c90:a4ff:feb6:9191 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
    ether 4e:90:a4:b6:91:91 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
    RX packets 7 bytes 558 (558.0 B)
    RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
    TX packets 13 bytes 1026 (1.0 KiB)
    TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

veth55dbbb2: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
    inet6 fe80::c84d:9ff:fecd:da27 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
    ether ca:4d:09:cd:da:27 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
    RX packets 7 bytes 558 (558.0 B)
    RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
    TX packets 42 bytes 3336 (3.2 KiB)
    TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

veth5e2dff4: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
    inet6 fe80::9465:1bff:fed2:f75d prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
    ether 96:65:1b:d2:f7:5d txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
    RX packets 7 bytes 558 (558.0 B)
    RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
    TX packets 20 bytes 1584 (1.5 KiB)
    TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

veth628d605: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
    inet6 fe80::5cc8:ebff:fedb:ea69 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
    ether 5e:c8:eb:db:ea:69 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
    RX packets 7 bytes 558 (558.0 B)
    RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
    TX packets 6 bytes 468 (468.0 B)
    TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

veth991629e: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
    inet6 fe80::b464:e5ff:fed5:1bd6 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
    ether b6:64:e5:d5:1b:d6 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
    RX packets 7 bytes 558 (558.0 B)
    RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
    TX packets 27 bytes 2142 (2.0 KiB)
    TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

vethb086b1c: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
    inet6 fe80::dcdf:66ff:fed8:f2df prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
    ether de:df:66:d8:f2:df txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
    RX packets 8 bytes 636 (636.0 B)
    RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
    TX packets 34 bytes 2700 (2.6 KiB)
    TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
[root@localhost /]# exit
exit

与宿主机的IP信息对比

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
docker0  Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 4E:90:A4:B6:91:91
     inet addr:172.17.42.1 Bcast:0.0.0.0 Mask:255.255.0.0
     inet6 addr: fe80::8cfc:c7ff:fe49:f1ae/64 Scope:Link
     UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
     RX packets:58 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
     TX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
     collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
     RX bytes:3820 (3.7 KiB) TX bytes:468 (468.0 b)

eth0   Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:DB:B2:28
     inet addr:192.168.1.179 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
     inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fedb:b228/64 Scope:Link
     UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
     RX packets:10661 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
     TX packets:3012 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
     collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
     RX bytes:876797 (856.2 KiB) TX bytes:398049 (388.7 KiB)

lo    Link encap:Local Loopback
     inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
     inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
     UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
     RX packets:16 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
     TX packets:16 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
     collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
     RX bytes:960 (960.0 b) TX bytes:960 (960.0 b)

veth5e2dff4 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 96:65:1B:D2:F7:5D
     inet6 addr: fe80::9465:1bff:fed2:f75d/64 Scope:Link
     UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
     RX packets:7 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
     TX packets:20 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
     collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
     RX bytes:558 (558.0 b) TX bytes:1584 (1.5 KiB)

vethb086b1c Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr DE:DF:66:D8:F2:DF
     inet6 addr: fe80::dcdf:66ff:fed8:f2df/64 Scope:Link
     UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
     RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
     TX packets:34 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
     collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
     RX bytes:636 (636.0 b) TX bytes:2700 (2.6 KiB)

veth55dbbb2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr CA:4D:09:CD:DA:27
     inet6 addr: fe80::c84d:9ff:fecd:da27/64 Scope:Link
     UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
     RX packets:7 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
     TX packets:42 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
     collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
     RX bytes:558 (558.0 b) TX bytes:3336 (3.2 KiB)

veth111b1ca Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 4E:90:A4:B6:91:91
     inet6 addr: fe80::4c90:a4ff:feb6:9191/64 Scope:Link
     UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
     RX packets:7 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
     TX packets:13 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
     collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
     RX bytes:558 (558.0 b) TX bytes:1026 (1.0 KiB)

veth628d605 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 5E:C8:EB:DB:EA:69
     inet6 addr: fe80::5cc8:ebff:fedb:ea69/64 Scope:Link
     UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
     RX packets:7 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
     TX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
     collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
     RX bytes:558 (558.0 b) TX bytes:468 (468.0 b)

veth991629e Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr B6:64:E5:D5:1B:D6
     inet6 addr: fe80::b464:e5ff:fed5:1bd6/64 Scope:Link
     UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
     RX packets:7 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
     TX packets:27 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
     collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
     RX bytes:558 (558.0 b) TX bytes:2142 (2.0 KiB)

veth5446780 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr C2:F4:F5:71:F3:BD
     inet6 addr: fe80::c0f4:f5ff:fe71:f3bd/64 Scope:Link
     UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
     RX packets:7 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
     TX packets:49 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
     collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
     RX bytes:558 (558.0 b) TX bytes:3894 (3.8 KiB)

container模式

使用–net=Container:container_id/container_name,多个容器使用共同的网络看到的ip是一样的。

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID    IMAGE        COMMAND       CREATED       STATUS       PORTS        NAMES
7169e8be6d3e    centos       "/bin/bash"     About an hour ago  Up About an hour            serene_goldstine
4cd696928bbe    centos       "bash"       About an hour ago  Up About an hour            cent_testv2
4f5bf6f33f2c    centos       "bash"       About an hour ago  Up About an hour            gloomy_colden
0a80861145c9    centos       "bash"       About an hour ago  Up About an hour            mad_carson
fb45150dbc21    centos       "bash"       About an hour ago  Up About an hour            cent_testv
3222c7c5c456    centos       "bash"       2 hours ago     Up 2 hours               sick_albattani
e136b27a8e17    centos       "bash"       2 hours ago     Up 2 hours               tender_euclid
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it 7169 bash
[root@7169e8be6d3e /]# ifconfig
bash: ifconfig: command not found
[root@7169e8be6d3e /]# yum install -y net-tools ifconfig
[root@7169e8be6d3e /]# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
    inet 172.17.0.8 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 0.0.0.0
    inet6 fe80::42:acff:fe11:8 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
    ether 02:42:ac:11:00:08 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
    RX packets 5938 bytes 15420209 (14.7 MiB)
    RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
    TX packets 4841 bytes 329652 (321.9 KiB)
    TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
    inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
    inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
    loop txqueuelen 0 (Local Loopback)
    RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
    RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
    TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
    TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
[root@7169e8be6d3e /]# exit
exit
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --rm --net=container:7169 centos_with_net bash
[root@7169e8be6d3e /]# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
    inet 172.17.0.8 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 0.0.0.0
    inet6 fe80::42:acff:fe11:8 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
    ether 02:42:ac:11:00:08 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
    RX packets 5942 bytes 15420377 (14.7 MiB)
    RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
    TX packets 4855 bytes 330480 (322.7 KiB)
    TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
    inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
    inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
    loop txqueuelen 0 (Local Loopback)
    RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
    RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
    TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
    TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

none模式

使用–net=none指定,这种模式下不会配置任何网络。

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --rm --net=none centos_with_net bash
[root@67d037935636 /]# ifconfig
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
    inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
    inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
    loop txqueuelen 0 (Local Loopback)
    RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
    RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
    TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
    TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

bridge模式(默认模式)

使用–net=bridge指定,不用指定默认就是这种网络模式。这种模式会为每个容器分配一个独立的Network Namespace。类似于Vmware的nat网络模式。同一个宿主机上的所有容器会在同一个网段下,相互之间是可以通信的。

感谢阅读,希望能帮助到大家,谢谢大家对本站的支持!

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Docker,网络模式,Docker,网络模式四种模式,Docker,网络模式详细介绍

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这里面让他访问的是一个国服的战网网址,com.cn和后面的zh都非常明白地表明这就是国服战网。

而他在复制这个网址并且进行登录之后,确实是网易的网址,也就是我们熟悉的停服之后国服发布的暴雪游戏产品运营到期开放退款的说明。这是一件比较奇怪的事情,因为以前都没有出现这样的情况,现在突然提示跳转到国服战网的网址,是不是说明了简体中文客户端已经开始进行更新了呢?